Mathematics and astronomy were invented as early as Adam’s Calendar over 70,000 years ago and as late as 30,000 years ago as shown on the Ishango Bone that has even Mathematical calculations.
The Ishango Bone resides at the Belgium Museum of Natural Sciences in Brussels. Mathematics was clearly in full use 30,000 years ago in the Congo.
Astronomy matured at Nabta Playa between 10,000 and 30,000 years ago when the Africans continue studying the Orion constellation and other galaxies. The Nabtans also mapped the solstices and equinoxes and used the Nabta Playa Astronomical Circle as a calendar for daily and minutely time-device.
The Palermo Stone stele fragment was discovered in Memphis, Egypt. Other pieces of the stele are in different parts of the world. The Palermo Stone with Mathematics came thousands of years after the Ishango Bone with the proof of Mathematics in full-blown use in Africa 5,000 years ago. The Palermo Stone was purchased by a Sicilian lawyer named Ferdinand Guidano sometime in 1859 and it has resided in Palermo since 1866. A Guidano family member brought it to the Palermo Archaeological Museum in 1877.
The Palermo Stone also shows that Africa had already developed the technology to smelt copper and create copper statues (this could not happen without profound knowledge of Mathematics and Chemistry about 30,000 years ago).
Heinrich Schäfer translated the hieroglyphics on the stele in 1902.
The Berlin Papyrus was written about 5,000 years ago by the Africans and it shows that the Africans performed numerous significant Medical procedures and used Mathematical theorems 5,000 years ago in the Djoser as well as the Khufu pyramid 200 years later. These pyramids were built by masters of triangles, rectangles, squares, and other geometrical figures using Pi and Phi. The Mathematical calculations were done with errorless formulas.
The Theorems are accurate in both the Algebraic and Geometric Equations in the Africans’ use of their associated measurements in Royal Leg and Royal Cubits.
Two fragments of the Berlin Papyrus were found in Saqqara during the 19th century and published by Hans Schack-Schackenburg in 1900 and 1902.
The Berlin Papyrus nullifies the claim that the great Greek Mathematician actually invented the theorem called the Pythagorean theorem. Both the Berlin and Rhind papyri written by the Africans have also challenged the claims attributed to numerous other Mathematics greats as being the originators of some other Mathematical calculations.
This Papyrus from Thebes now resides in the British Museum. It further shows that the Africans invented and used Mathematics in daily life and also in architecture, engineering, building structures, and pyramid-building for thousands of years before Christ. The Rhind Papyrus was named after the Scottish artifacts collector Alexander Henry Rhind, who purchased the papyrus in Luxor, Egypt in 1858. The British Museum purchased it from Rhind in 1865. Parts of this papyrus reside in the Brooklyn Museum, NY.
The Rhind Papyrus computes the areas of circles and the volume of cylinders and even shows the area of a Circle A = π r2 and area or volume of a Triangle, of a Rectangle, and of a Trapezium. It has Linear Equations with relationships between variables. Likewise, integral Calculus and Algebraic Equations allow you to logically solve for unknowns in the sciences and the universe such as finding the values of masses and comparing their relationships on earth or in the known universe to make predictions. The papyrus covers Trigonometry, Linear, and Quadratic Equations... easily facilitated precursors to theories of relativity and gravitation among galaxies or smaller bodies alike.
The Rhind Papyrus calculations show how the Africans measure the pyramids in Cubit Units or Royal Cubits derived from the Royal Leg that is arbitrarily and capriciously graduated to meters used today. The African word for the Royal Cubit is Seked.
The Papyrus has calculations in formulas of Pi and decimal, fractions showing complete mastery.
The Papyrus has formulas and computations for circles, triangles, rectangles, and trapezoids as used today. These computations for circles' circumstances, areas, radius, diameters, Pi, Phi, ratios as used today, are used in the pyramids, temples, and other architecture going back 5,000 years.
The Rhind Papyrus also has scientific, geometrical, and engineering computations with other dimensional analysis, Arithmetic, Linear Equations, Algebraic, Geometric, and fractions computations that can be capriciously graduated to calculations in decimals and percentages.
The Papyrus has calculations in formulas of Pi and decimal, fractions showing complete mastery of Mathematics.
This papyrus was found in Thebes. It lives in Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts in Moscow. It uses calculus for areas and volumes. Calculus is a special kind of mathematics that can be used to calculate the functional behavior of things approaching infinity, embodying and incorporating integrals, derivatives and limits.
The Ancient Africans introduced some of the ideas that led to integral calculus, but with rigorous and systematic calculations. Calculus helped the Africans develop chemistry or chemical reactions leading to practical, material physics and engineering for the concrete temples, obelisks, pyramids, and other monument-building.
The papyrus even has formulas for calculating the surface area or the area of a hemisphere, the volume of a cylinder, and computation for the volume of a pyramid. Here too you can see that the Royal Cubit and the Royal Leg are capriciously graduated to meters and kilograms alike.
This papyrus covers medicine and Mathematics but also shows computations in complex multiplications and algorithms in fractions using complex algorithms. This papyrus also calculates the volume of cylindrical figures as well and shows mastery for calculating the volume of any figure or geometrical figure.
The Harris Papyrus was found in Thebes across the Nile from Luxor in a tomb. It lives in the British Museum. It mentions expeditions to the Land of Punt.
See also the Egyptian Mathematical Leather Roll. We could not locate a copy.
This is a small sample of the Kushites and the Egyptians' Architecture and Engineering spawned by their Mathematics, Chemistry, and Physics they clearly invented thousands of years before their monuments and edifices were built. African inventions were forged from the crucible to survive harsh climate changes during the Sahara Desert expansion closer to the Nile Valley. Thus they honored Amun-Rë with all their pyramids, obelisks, edifices, and monuments.
These sacred Kushite Egyptian monuments below no longer reach toward Sirius in the African skylines or for Osiris, and they no longer honor Amun-Rë, the Africans' divine God, because these edifices are no longer in Africa. Like the crosses on their pinnacles, Christianity and theology replaced Nu and Rë after the sacred city of Napata dedicated to Amun Rë of the Kushite Egyptians were destroyed. The Africans believed that Nu is the father of Rë and that Nu or Atum created Nature and the Universe. Nu or Atum also shaped the Human Race with the trinity of Divinity, Spirituality, and Moral Ethics. Clearly, our world is totally devoid of this trinity. Instead, man-made wars, hate, with death and destruction fill our world.
African doom began with the Biblical command of genocide first authorized against the Canaanites, then later used as a precedent against the Kemites and the Kushites. It started with Noah's words in the Book of Genesis 9:24-27, then later the genocide against Africans was commanded by God Himself in Deuteronomy 20:16-18, and affirmed in 1st Samuel 15:2-3. The actual act of ethnic cleansing-doom was confirmed as done in Joshua 6:21.
The violent rejection of early human culture and heritage was Biblical and many others profit from God's command by taking the inventions of the Africans after the genocides. Today, these inventions are very much still a part of all our daily lives around the world. So we, the trees, are poison but our fruits are somehow not!
We all must nevertheless reject genocide and hate in ALL its forms. We must re-invent the future for, among other social good, the sake of global climate change and the negative impacts on global health that will come. We must stay aware that the same precedent of killings and trauma continues today on progenies of the Ancient Africans and has indeed vicariously flowed to others.
Research and see other cities with Kushite Egyptian obelisks, monuments, and inventions that were removed from Africa.
Obelisk of Pharaoh: Apries
Location: Piazza della Minerva, Rome, Italy
Obelisk of Pharaoh: Domitianus
Location: Piazza Navona, Rome, Italy
Obelisk of Pharaoh: Apries
Location: Urbino, Italy
Obelisk of Pharaoh: Seti I
Piazza del Popolo, Rome, Italy
